Infections: tests and interpretation
Diagnostic methods for the main infections: what each test shows, when to test after a contact and how to read the result — calmly.
Helicobacter pylori
Breath test, stool antigen, antibodies: how the methods differ and how cure is confirmed.
4 test methods →Syphilis: RPR, TPHA, ELISA
Paired testing, window after contact, how result combinations are read.
2 test groups →Worms and helminths
Stool for eggs (3 portions), pinworm tape test, antibodies to tissue parasites.
3 main tests →HIV: tests and window
4th-generation ELISA, rapid tests, PCR: when the result is reliable.
Window 6–12 weeks →Hepatitis B: HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc
Three markers — three answers: virus present, past encounter, protection.
Interpretation table →Hepatitis C: anti-HCV and RNA
Antibody screening, PCR confirmation. Why antibodies are not yet disease.
2-step diagnostics →HPV: types and risk
PCR genotyping: which types are dangerous, what a positive result means.
Types 16/18 →STI PCR panels
Chlamydia, gonococcus, mycoplasma, trichomonads — from one swab. Window and preparation.
4 pathogens per panel →TORCH panel
Toxoplasma, rubella, CMV, herpes: IgG and IgM when planning and in pregnancy.
4 infections →Vaginal flora swab
Microscopy: leukocytes, bacilli and cocci, clue cells, cleanliness grades.
Grades I–IV →